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2010 Gascoyne River flood
The 2010 Gascoyne River flood was regarded as the most severe flood to take place along the Gascoyne River in Western Australia on record.〔 Triggered by record-breaking rainfall, amounting to over 6,000 percent of the monthly mean, and respectively, in just four days, the floods caused widespread damage in the region. By 17 December, the river began to rise in response to the heavy rains, eventually exceeding its banks within two days. Water levels reached record values at three stations along the river, cresting at near Fishy Pool. Evacuation orders were issued for several towns affected by rising waters. The most substantial impact was felt in Carnarvon where entire homes were washed away. Following the disaster, emergency supplies and funds were distributed to affected residents to aid them in restoring their livelihoods. Though no people died in the event, an estimated two thousand head of cattle perished and damage was estimated at A$100 million.
==Background==
On 11 December 2010, a monsoon trough developed northwest of Western Australia. Slowly tracking to the south, the system spawned a low pressure system (Tropical Low 03U) by 15 December. Turning southeastward, the low later made landfall near Coral Bay on 18 December. Within hours of moving inland, the system turned to the southwest and moved back over water the following morning. The storm was last noted on 20 December well off the coast of Western Australia.〔
Climatologically, the region affected by the floods is a dry area, with annual rainfall in most areas averaging between . December is regarded as the third-driest month of the year, with a mean rainfall of just .〔 Prior to the event, much of the Gascoyne River catchment was suffering from a drought and many places abruptly shifted from drought conditions to record floods in less than 24 hours. Additionally, the river had no water flow before the floods, being a dry riverbed.〔
Between 16 and 20 December, the low produced heavy rains over much of the area around Shark Bay. These rains reached record amounts in numerous locations and greatly surpassed the monthly mean December rainfall; some areas reached levels of more than 6,000 percent above this value due to the storm. During a 24 hour span on 17 December, a record-shattering of rain fell in Carnarvon. This value greatly exceeded both the previous record of , set in 1923, and the city's annual average of .〔〔 Several other locations recorded similar rainfall in the region, also surpassing their annual rainfall totals in under two days. During the five-day span in which there was rainfall, a maximum of was measured in Carnarvon.〔 A total of 23 stations and towns recorded record 24 hour rainfall for the month of December in relation to the storm. According to the Bureau of Meteorology, Carnarvon Airport measured its wettest month on record, with of rain falling in just four days. The previous record was set in June 1895 at .〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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